A slow download is usually blamed on routers, software, or the service provider. Those layers matter, but underneath every link sits a limit set by physics: how much information a …
The PHY algorithm passes every simulation in MATLAB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) curve hits the theoretical bound. The Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) budget has margin. The golden model …
A pattern I keep seeing on the bench goes like this. A prototype modem shows a clean spectrum, the signal sits well above the thermal noise floor, and the link budget says there is …
Digital engineers are trained to treat “more” as a default win: higher clock rates, wider bandwidths, deeper bit depths. Applied to analog-to-digital conversion, the …
Modern AI is often framed as a clean break from classical engineering. For anyone who has worked in adaptive signal processing, that framing is misleading. The mathematical spine …
The Wiener filter has a clean claim: among all linear filters operating on wide-sense stationary input, it produces the minimum mean-square estimation error. That claim has a …
Every communication system starts with the same goal: move a signal from one place to another and recover its meaning at the far end. In practice the signal passes through copper, …
I spent years implementing LMS-based equalizers and echo cancellers in telecommunications. Only later did I fully appreciate what I had been doing mathematically: the same family …