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Jul 09, 20268 min read

Why your internet has a speed limit: thermal noise and the physical noise floor

A slow download is usually blamed on routers, software, or the service provider. Those layers matter, but underneath every link sits a limit set by physics: how much information a …

Apr 16, 20266 min read

SNR: the number that decides whether a signal survives

Every communication system starts with the same goal: move a signal from one place to another and recover its meaning at the far end. In practice the signal passes through copper, …