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Fec

Jul 09, 20268 min read

Why your internet has a speed limit: thermal noise and the physical noise floor

A slow download is usually blamed on routers, software, or the service provider. Those layers matter, but underneath every link sits a limit set by physics: how much information a …

May 28, 20269 min read

EVM: why a clean spectrum can still fail at 64-QAM

A pattern I keep seeing on the bench goes like this. A prototype modem shows a clean spectrum, the signal sits well above the thermal noise floor, and the link budget says there is …