Manual capture is not about typing a card number by hand. It is the deliberate split of a card transaction into authorization and capture, managed as a backend state machine. Why …
A duplicate charge is rarely a coding bug. It is a distributed system losing certainty about whether an authorization already happened — and then guessing wrong. Why blind retries …
A partial approval is not a decline and not a completed sale. ISO 8583 response codes and amount fields must be read together — and the terminal must not show a green APPROVED …
Three words every payment professional uses — and confuses. Each lives at a different point in the settlement lifecycle, under a different protocol, with radically different …
Modern payment terminal architectures increasingly rely on standardized protocols to reduce integration costs, ensure interoperability, and simplify expansion across markets. …