11 min read
Every Payment Has a Liability Owner
EMV authorization is the easy part. The hard problems are timeouts, retries, SoftPOS lifecycle gaps, store-and-forward declines, and the financial question that remains when two …
3 pages
Store-and-Forward
9 min read
When the Issuer Goes Down: STIP, EMV Offline, and Authorization Continuity
When an issuer or its processor drops offline, the POS does not always get a clean decline. The card scheme may stand in and approve or decline on the issuer’s behalf. The …
5 min read
Offline EMV vs Store-and-Forward: Two Different Mechanisms, One Confusing Name
When a POS has no connectivity, merchants still need to accept payments. The industry uses terms like “offline transaction” and “offline processing” loosely …